Corrected visual acuity below 0 5. With what kind of vision can I get a license? The main causes of visual impairment

Good afternoon, dear reader.

In 2020, in order to obtain or replace a driver's license, you must go through a medical commission and receive.

The medical commission includes several doctors, the list of which depends on the category of driver's license. However, for any category, you will have to go through an ophthalmologist (oculist). This is a doctor who checks the driver's vision.

And it is the check with the ophthalmologist that causes fear among many drivers, because. Over time, people's vision does not get better.

This article will discuss what requirements are imposed on the vision of drivers:

I want to note right away that all the requirements for the health of drivers are given in the following regulatory document:

If you wish, you can study this document yourself. Below, we will focus exclusively on the limitations associated with vision.

Vision for category B rights (BE, B1)

For car drivers, the simplest restrictions apply:

12. Visual acuity is lower 0.6 at best eye and below 0.2 at worst

Let's figure out how to use this item in practice:

1. Have your visual acuity measured by an optometrist. You will receive 2 numbers (one for each of the eyes).
2. Choose the largest of the two numbers. If it is equal to or greater than 0.6, then everything is in order, a certificate will be issued. You can skip the next steps.
3. If the visual acuity of the "better" eye is 0.5 or less, then go to the second digit. If the second digit is 0.2 or more, then a certificate will be issued.
4. If the visual acuity of the "worst" eye is 0.1 or less, then the certificate will not be issued.

Let's look at a few examples in order to better understand in which cases a certificate will be issued.

Left eye 1.0; right eye 1.0. The visual acuity of the best eye is 1.0, it is more than 0.6, that is, a certificate will be issued.

Left eye 0.8; right eye 0.5. The visual acuity of the best eye is 0.8, it is more than 0.6, that is, a certificate will be issued.

Left eye 0.6; the right eye is missing. The visual acuity of the best eye is 0.6, it is equal to 0.6, that is, a certificate will be issued. For the category In the absence of one eye is not a reason for not issuing a certificate.

Left eye 0.2; right eye 0.5. The visual acuity of the worst eye is 0.2, it is equal to 0.2, that is, a certificate will be issued.

Left eye 0.2; right eye 0.2. The visual acuity of the worst eye is 0.2, it is equal to 0.2, that is, a certificate will be issued.

Left eye 0.1; right eye 0.5. Visual acuity of the best eye is 0.5, it is less than 0.6. The visual acuity of the worst eye is 0.1, it is less than 0.2, that is, a certificate will not be issued.

Thus, a driver with vision (0.5; 0.1) or worse will not be able to obtain a medical certificate.

If at least one eye has a visual acuity of 0.6 or more, or two eyes have a visual acuity of 0.2 or better, then the certificate will be issued without problems.

Is it possible to get a driver's license with poor eyesight?

If during the next check it turned out that the driver does not meet the requirements for vision, then you should use a vision correction device (glasses or lenses). In this case, the driver undergoes a vision test with glasses or lenses.

However, it should be borne in mind that if you pass a medical examination wearing glasses or lenses, then you will subsequently have to drive a car only with glasses or lenses. In this case, a special GCL mark will appear in the rights.

Note. If the license has a GCL mark, and the driver drives the car without glasses or lenses, then 5,000 - 15,000 rubles can be imposed on him.

Thus, the GCL mark makes life a little more difficult for the driver. Therefore, if your vision is approximately at the border of acceptable values, then first try to pass the test without glasses. If this does not work out, then take out the glasses and pass the test again.

Vision for rights of categories A, M (A1, B1)

The requirements for two-wheelers are similar to those for cars, but there is an important difference:

1. Visual acuity is lower 0.6 at best eye and below 0.2 at worst eye with tolerable correction with 2 eyes open, regardless of the type of correction (spectacle, contact, surgical), degree and type of ametropia or eye length.

2. Blindness of one eye with visual acuity below 0,8 with tolerable correction on the sighted eye, regardless of the type of correction (spectacle, contact, surgical), degree and type of ametropia or eye length.

The main difference is that there are special requirements for a driver who is missing one eye. For such a driver, the visual acuity of a single eye should be 0.8 or more.

1. 0.6 or more - on best eye if both eyes see.
2. 0.2 or more - on each of the two eyes.
3. 0.8 or more if the eye is single.

Vision for categories C, D (Tm, Tb, CE, DE, C1, D1, C1E, D1E)

For drivers of freight and passenger transport, the requirements for vision are the most serious:

21. Visual acuity is lower 0.8 at best eye and below 0.4 at worst eye with tolerable correction with 2 open eyes no more than 8 diopters superequivalent on the better seeing eye, regardless of the type of ametropia or type of correction (spectacle, contact).

22. Blindness of one eye, regardless of the visual acuity of the sighted eye.

Paragraph 22 says that in the absence of one eye, the rights of categories C and D cannot be obtained. That is, the first condition for obtaining a certificate is both eyes.

It turns out that the rights to freight and passenger transport can be obtained with visual acuity:

1. 0.8 or more on the best eye (if there are two eyes);
2. 0.4 or more in each of the two eyes.

Let's look at a few examples:

Left eye 1.0; right eye 1.0. The visual acuity of the best eye is 1.0, it is more than 0.8, that is, a certificate will be issued.

Left eye 0.8; right eye 0.5. The visual acuity of the best eye is 0.8, it is equal to 0.8, that is, a certificate will be issued.

Left eye 1; the right eye is missing. In the absence of an eye, a certificate will not be issued.

Left eye 0.4; right eye 0.5. The visual acuity of the worst eye is 0.4, it is equal to 0.4, that is, a certificate will be issued.

Left eye 0.4; right eye 0.4. The visual acuity of the worst eye is 0.4, it is equal to 0.4, that is, a certificate will be issued.

Left eye 0.3; right eye 0.7. Visual acuity of the best eye is 0.7, it is less than 0.8. The visual acuity of the worst eye is 0.3, it is less than 0.4, that is, a certificate will not be issued.

Attention! Spectacles or lenses may also be used to test vision for driving freight and passenger vehicles, but the correction must be no more than 8 diopters to the better seeing eye.

Vision table for different categories

To better understand with what kind of vision you can drive certain vehicles, I suggest using the following table:

	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.1
1.0	all	all	all	all	all	all	all	all	all	all
0.9		all	all	all	all	all	all	all	all	all
0.8			all	all	all	all	all	all	all	all
0.7				all	all	all	all	ABM	ABM	ABM
0.6					all	all	all	ABM	ABM	ABM
0.5						all	all	ABM	ABM	-
0.4							all	ABM	ABM	-
0.3								ABM	ABM	-
0.2									ABM	-
0.1										-

If you know the acuity of your own vision, then on the basis of the table you can determine for which vehicles a medical certificate can be obtained. The first column shows vision in the best eye, and the first row shows vision in the worst.

Similar table for drivers with one eye:

1.0	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.3	0.2	0.1
ABM	ABM	ABM	B	B	-	-	-	-	-

How to prepare for a medical commission on vision?

The human body is designed in such a way that visual acuity depends, among other things, on eye fatigue. Therefore, if you plan to receive a certificate for the replacement of rights, it makes sense to prepare for this and let your eyes rest. In this case, you can use the following tips:

• Go to the optometrist at the beginning of the day. Your eyes rest during sleep, so you need to get a good night's sleep.
• Do not overload your eyes in the previous days, give up watching TV and reduce the time spent on a computer or mobile device.
• Ideally, go for a physical examination immediately after your vacation, when your eyes have had time to rest and relax enough in a few days.

The driver receives a medical certificate only once every 10 years, so it makes sense to prepare a little for the commission and give your eyes a rest.

In conclusion, I want to note that the refusal to issue a certificate for a car due to poor eyesight is a rather rare situation. And even if this happened, do not be discouraged. Just re-pass the medical examination with glasses.

Good luck on the roads!

Dmitry-513

I support the previous comment. The union "and" in the article indicates that the requirements are presented simultaneously and cannot replace each other. The best eye should be no worse than 0.6, and at the same time the worst eye should be no worse than 0.2. If the worst eye is worse than 0.2, then the requirements for the best eye are the same as for the absence of the second.

Dmitry, and I have a question for you as an oculist. How are things now with the issuance of certificates to people with impaired color perception? Previously, there was order 302n, which prohibited any violations, including minimal color anomalies. In the current document, the anomalies seem to have been resolved (?), But there are persistent rumors that the medical board in this matter is still guided by order 302n. And also there is a certain "mouse fuss" when a driver with a color anomaly, who was previously issued a VU, continues to be issued certificates, and a new candidate with the same anomaly is no longer there. Is it so?

Dmitry, Keeper_Riff, the list of medical restrictions on driving says:

12. Visual acuity below 0.6 in the best eye and below 0.2 in the worst eye with tolerable correction with 2 eyes open, regardless of the type of correction (spectacle, contact, surgical), degree and type of ametropia or eye length.

4.4. Production noise (significant voltage of the auditory analyzer)
1. Persistent hearing loss, at least in one ear, of any etiology.
2. Otosclerosis and other chronic ear diseases with poor prognosis.
3. Dysfunction of the vestibular apparatus of any etiology, including Meniere's disease.
4. Hypertension.

4.9. Increased eye strain (visually intense work of III-IV degree (0.5-1 mm) of accuracy according to SNiP and associated with screen tracking and other means of displaying information)
1. Visual acuity with a correction of at least 0.5 in one eye and 0.2 in the other eye.
2. Refractive errors: myopia over 6.0 D, hypermetropia over 4.0 D, astigmatism over 2.0 D.
3. Lack of binocular vision.
4. Decreased accommodation below age norms.
5. Lagophthalmos.
6. chronic diseases anterior segment of the eyes.
7. Diseases optic nerve, retina.
8. Glaucoma.

5. Physical overload
1. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system with violation of fictions.
2. Chronic diseases of the peripheral nervous system.
3. Obliterating endarteritis, Raynaud's disease, peripheral angiospasm.
4. Expressed varicose veins veins of the lower extremities, thrombophlebitis, hemorrhoids.
5. Severe enteroptos, hernias, prolapse of the rectum.
6. Anomalies in the position of the female genital organs. Omission (prolapse) of the female genital organs.
7. Chronic inflammatory diseases of the uterus and appendages with frequent exacerbations.

Appendix No. 4 to the Instructions for conducting
preliminary (when applying for a job)
and periodic medical examinations of workers

SCROLL
additional medical contraindications to admission to work
in order to prevent diseases, accidents
and ensuring labor safety

(When conducting periodic medical examinations, the issue of admission to work of workers is decided individually, taking into account the characteristics of the functional state of the body, the nature and severity of the pathological process, the age of the worker, professional training, work experience, working conditions, etc.).

12.1. Motorcycles, motor scooters, motor sleds of all types and brands - Category A
1. A chronic disease of the membranes of the eye, accompanied by a significant impairment of the function of vision, persistent changes in the eyelids, including their mucous membranes, paresis of the muscles of the eyelids that impede vision or limit the movements of the eyeball (after surgical treatment with a good result, driving is allowed).
2. Chronic, not amenable to conservative treatment, inflammation of the lacrimal sac, fistula of the lacrimal sac, as well as persistent, untreated lacrimation (after surgical treatment with a good result, admission to driving is allowed).
3. Persistent diplonia due to strabismus of any etiology.
4. Restriction of the field of view by more than 20 degrees. in any of the meridianoses. The central scotoma is absolute or relative (with scotoma and the presence of changes in visual function not lower than the values ​​\u200b\u200bmarked in paragraph ba, tolerance without restrictions).
5. Decreased visual acuity depending on persistent opacities of refractive media or changes in the fundus, refractive errors, as well as other causes of an organic nature:
a) corrected visual acuity below 0.6 in the best eye, below 0.2 in the worst.
Permissible correction for myopia and hyperopia 8.0 D, including contact lenses, astigmatism 3.0 D, the sum of the sphere and cylinder should not exceed 8.0 D. The difference in the power of the two lenses should not exceed 3.0 D;
b) lack of vision in one eye;
c) condition after refractive operations on the cornea (keratomy, keratomileusis, keratocoagulation, refractive keratoplasty). A person is allowed to drive 3 months after surgery with visual acuity with a correction not lower than that specified in paragraph 5a, no complications and an initial (before surgery) refraction from +8.0 to -8.0 D. If it is impossible to establish preoperative refraction, they are suitable for length of the eye axis from 21.5 to 27.0 mm;
d) an artificial lens in at least one eye. Trained drivers are allowed with visual acuity with a correction not lower than that specified in paragraph 5a, a normal field of vision and no complications within six months after the operation.
6. Violations of color perception are allowed.
7. Diseases of the retina and optic nerve (retinitis pigmentosa, optic nerve atrophy, retinal detachment, etc.).
8. Glaucoma (with initial compensated glaucoma, normal fundus, with changes in visual acuity and visual field less than the values ​​specified in clause 4.5., are allowed with re-examination in a year).
9. Complete deafness in one ear when perceiving colloquial speech to the other at a distance of less than 3 m, whispering speech at a distance of less than 1 m or perception of colloquial speech in each ear less than 2 m than after 2 years).
10. Chronic unilateral or bilateral purulent inflammation of the middle ear, complicated by cholesteatoma, granulation or polyp (epithympanitis). The presence of a fistula symptom (after surgical treatment with a good result, the issue is resolved individually).
11. Chronic purulent mastoiditis, complications due to mastoidectomy (cyst, fistula).

You can ask your questions on the topic of the presented article by leaving your comment at the bottom of the page. You will be answered by the Deputy General Director of the Mustang Driving School for Academic Affairs Higher school teacher, candidate of technical sciences Kuznetsov Yury Alexandrovich

New List diseases that prevent driving

In accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated April 12, 2011 No. 302n “On approval of the lists of harmful and (or) dangerous production factors and work, during the performance of which preliminary and periodic medical examinations (examinations) are carried out, and the Procedure for conducting preliminary and periodic medical examinations (examinations ) workers engaged in hard work and work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions "from January 1, 2012, subparagraphs 11, 12 (with the exception of 12.2, 12.11, 12.12), 13 of Appendix No. 2 to the order of the Ministry of Health are recognized as invalid USSR dated September 29, 1989 No. 555 "On improving the system of medical examinations of workers and drivers of individual vehicles." (http://www.xn--80aaaaaq6azamaccckfprc6hzfvc.xn--p1ai/blog/faktory_provociruyuschie_dtp/perechen_zabolevaniy_zapreschayuschih_vozhdenie/11-176 ).

According to paragraph 28 of Appendix No. 2 to this order (the full text of the Order can be found on our website in the “Legislation” section), the following requirements are established for drivers of ground vehicles.

28. Driving ground vehicles:

Periodicity

1 time in 2 years

Laboratory and functional studies

Height, weight, determination of blood type and Rh factor (during the preliminary medical examination) Audiometry Examination of the vestibular analyzer Visual acuity Color perception Determination of visual fields Biomicroscopy of the media of the eye Ophthalmoscopy of the fundus

Corrected visual acuity below 0.6 in the best eye, below 0.2 in the worst. Permissible correction for myopia and hyperopia 8.0 D D D D .

Central scotoma absolute or relative (with scotoma and the presence of changes in visual function not lower than the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in paragraph 1 of this column of the subparagraph - tolerance without restrictions).

Condition after refractive operations on the cornea (keratotomy, keratomileusis, keratocoagulation, refractive keratoplasty). Persons are allowed to drive 3 months after surgery with visual acuity with a correction of at least 0.6 in the best eye, not lower than 0.2 in the worst.

Permissible correction for myopia and hyperopia 8.0 D , including contact lenses, astigmatism - 3.0 D (the sum of sphere and cylinder must not exceed 8.0 D ). The difference in the power of the lenses of the two eyes should not exceed 3.0 D , in the absence of complications and initial (before surgery) refraction - from +8.0 to -8.0 D . If it is impossible to establish preoperative refraction, professional suitability issues are resolved positively with an eye axis length of 21.5 to 27.0 mm.

An artificial lens, at least in one eye. Experienced drivers are allowed with visual acuity with a correction of at least 0.6 on the best eye, not less than 0.2 - on the worst. Permissible correction for nearsightedness and farsightedness 8.0 D , including contact lenses, astigmatism -
3,0 D (the sum of the sphere and the cylinder must not exceed 8.0 D ). The difference in the power of the lenses of the two eyes should not exceed 3.0 D , normal field of vision and no complications within six months after surgery.

Chronic diseases of the membranes of the eye, accompanied by a significant impairment of the function of vision, persistent changes in the eyelids, including their mucous membranes, paresis of the muscles of the eyelids that impede vision or limit the movement of the eyeball (after surgical treatment with a positive result, admission is carried out individually).

Chronic inflammation of the lacrimal sac that does not respond to conservative treatment, as well as persistent, lacrimation that does not respond to treatment.

Paralytic strabismus and other concomitant eye movement disorders.

Persistent diplopia due to strabismus of any etiology.

Spontaneous nystagmus with pupil deviation of 70° from the middle position.

Limitation of the field of view by more than 20 0 in any of the meridians.

Violation of color perception.

Diseases of the retina and optic nerve (retinitis pigmentosa, optic nerve atrophy, retinal detachment, etc.).

Compensated glaucoma (normal fundus; change in visual acuity not less than 0.6 in the best eye, not less than 0.2 in the worst) (allowed with re-examination after one year).

Absence of one upper or lower limb, hand or foot, as well as deformity of the hand or foot, which significantly impedes their movement. As an exception, persons with one amputated lower leg may be allowed if the amputation stump is at least 1/3 of the lower leg and mobility in knee joint amputated limb is completely preserved.

Absence of fingers or phalanges, as well as immobility in the interphalangeal joints:

the absence of two phalanges of the thumb on the right or left hand;

absence or immobility of two or more fingers on the right hand or complete reduction of at least one finger;

the absence or immobility of three or more fingers on the left hand or the complete reduction of at least one finger (while maintaining the grasping function and strength of the hand, the issue of access to control is decided individually).

Shortening of the lower limb by more than 6 cm - examined can be considered fit if the limb has no defects on the part of bones, soft tissues and joints, the range of motion is preserved, the length of the limb is more than 75 cm (from the calcaneus to the middle of the greater trochanter of the thigh).

Absence upper limb or hand, the absence of a lower limb at any level of the thigh or lower leg in case of impaired mobility in the knee joint.

Traumatic deformities and defects of the skull bones with severe neurological symptoms that prevent driving. In the presence of minor neurological symptoms, admission is carried out individually with a re-examination after one year.

Complete deafness in one ear when perceiving colloquial speech to the other at a distance of less than 3 m, whispering speech - at a distance of 1 m, or perception of colloquial speech in each ear less than 2 m of the year).

Chronic unilateral or bilateral purulent inflammation of the middle ear, complicated by cholesteatoma, granulations or polyps (epithympanitis). The presence of a fistula symptom (after surgical treatment with a good result, the issue is resolved individually).

Chronic purulent mastoiditis, complications due to mastoidectomy (cyst, fistula).

Diseases of the endocrine system of a progressive course with persistent, pronounced dysfunctions of other organs and systems (permission to drive is decided individually, subject to annual re-examination after examination and treatment by an endocrinologist).

III Art., high-grade heart rhythm disturbances, or a combination of these conditions (permission to drive is decided individually, subject to annual re-examination after examination and treatment by a cardiologist).

Hypertension II I stages, 3 degrees, risk 1 V (admission to drive is decided individually, subject to annual re-examination based on the results of treatment and the recommendations of a cardiologist)

Diseases of the bronchopulmonary system with symptoms of respiratory failure or pulmonary heart failure 2-3 tbsp. (Admission to driving is decided individually after examination and treatment by a pulmonologist).

Additional medical contraindications

Additional medical contraindications

Visual acuity below 0.5 in the best eye and below 0.2 in the worst eye (corrected); lack of vision in one eye with visual acuity below 0.8 (without correction) in the other.

Complete deafness (for deafness, deaf-mutism, admission is carried out individually with re-examination after one year).

Absence of an upper limb or hand, absence of a lower limb at any level of the thigh or lower leg with impaired mobility in the knee joint.

Diseases of any etiology that cause dysfunction of the vestibular analyzer, dizziness syndromes, nystagmus (Ménière's disease, labyrinthitis, vestibular crises of any etiology, etc.).

Prolapse of the uterus and vagina, retrovaginal and vesicovaginal fistulas, perineal ruptures with violation of the integrity of the rectal sphincters, dropsy of the testicle or spermatic cord, hernia and other diseases that cause restrictions and pain in movements that prevent driving.

Additional medical contraindications

Medical contraindications set out in paragraph 3-25 of this column of subparagraph 28.1.

Decreased visual acuity below 0.5 in the best eye and below 0.2 in the worst eye (corrected).

Loss of vision in one eye with visual acuity below 0.8 (without correction) in the other.

For taxi drivers and drivers of vehicles of operational services (ambulance, fire service, police, emergency rescue service, military automobile inspection), corrected visual acuity is below 0.8 in one eye, below 0.4 in the other. Permissible correction for myopia and hyperopia 8.0 D, including contact lenses, astigmatism - 3.0 D (the sum of the sphere and cylinder should not exceed 8.0 D). The difference in the power of the lenses of the two eyes should not exceed 3.0 D.

Additional medical contraindications

Medical contraindications set out in subparagraph 28.1 of this column.

Condition after refractive surgery on the cornea) - allowed to drive a person 3 months after the operation with visual acuity with a correction of at least 0.6 in the best eye, not lower than 0.2 - in the worst.

Additional medical contraindications

Medical contraindications set out in subparagraph 28.4.

Additional medical contraindications

Medical contraindications set out in paragraph 3-25 of this column of subparagraph 28.1.

Corrected visual acuity below 0.8 in one eye, below 0.4 in the other. Permissible correction for nearsightedness and farsightedness 8.0 D , including contact lenses, astigmatism -3.0 D (the sum of sphere and cylinder must not exceed 8.0 D ). The difference in the power of the lenses of the two eyes should not exceed 3.0 D.

Loss of vision in one eye with visual acuity below 0.8 (without correction) in the other. An artificial lens, at least in one eye.

Perception of conversational speech in one or both ears at a distance of less than 3 m, whispered speech -on distance 1 m (with complete deafness in one ear and perception of spoken language at a distance of less than 3 m in the other ear or perception of spoken speech at least 2 m in each ear, the issue of admission of trained drivers is decided individually during the annual re-examination).

The absence of one upper or lower limb, hand or foot, as well as the deformity of the hand or foot, which significantly hinders their movement, is not allowed in all cases.

The absence of fingers or phalanges, as well as immobility in the interphalangeal joints of the hands, are not allowed even with intact grasping function.

Traumatic deformities and defects of the skull bones with severe neurological symptoms.

Ischemic disease heart: unstable angina, exertional angina, FC III , high-grade cardiac arrhythmias, or a combination of these conditions.

Hypertonic disease II-III Art. Hypertensive disease 1 tbsp. admission is carried out individually, subject to an annual survey.

Diabetes (all types and forms).

Growth below 150 cm (the issue is decided individually), a sharp lag in physical development.

Additional medical contraindications

Additional medical contraindications

Medical contraindications set out in paragraph 3-25 of this column of subparagraph 28.6.

Additional medical contraindications

Additional medical contraindications

With speech defects and logoneurosis (stuttering) in severe forms - for drivers of passenger transport, admission is carried out individually.

Additional medical contraindications

Medical contraindications set out in subparagraph 28.6. of this column.

28.12. Tram, trolleybus

Additional medical contraindications

Medical contraindications set out in subparagraph 28.6 of this column.

Tram and trolleybus drivers with implanted artificial pacemakers are not allowed to work.

28.13. Tractors and self-propelled machines

Additional medical contraindications

28.14. Mini tractors, walk-behind tractors, forklifts, electric cars, traffic controllers, etc.

Additional medical contraindications

Medical contraindications set out in subparagraph 28.4 of this column.

The subcategories of vehicles specified in the Order have not yet entered into force.

1) Visual acuity with correction below 0.6 in the best eye, below 0.2 - in the worst. Permissible correction for myopia and hyperopia 8.0 D, including contact lenses, astigmatism - 3.0 D (the sum of the sphere and cylinder should not exceed 8.0 D). The difference in the power of the lenses of the two eyes should not exceed 3.0 D.

2) Lack of vision in one eye with visual acuity below 0.8 (without correction) in the other.

3) Central scotoma absolute or relative (with scotoma and the presence of changes in visual function not lower than the values ​​​​specified in paragraph 1 of this column of the subparagraph - tolerance without restrictions).

4) Condition after refractive operations on the cornea (keratotomy, keratomileusis, keratocoagulation, refractive keratoplasty). Persons are allowed to drive 3 months after surgery with visual acuity with a correction of at least 0.6 in the best eye, not lower than 0.2 in the worst.

5) Permissible correction for myopia and hyperopia 8.0 D, including contact lenses, astigmatism - 3.0 D (the sum of the sphere and the cylinder should not exceed 8.0 D). The difference in the power of the lenses of the two eyes should not exceed 3.0 D, in the absence of complications and the initial (before surgery) refraction - from +8.0 to -8.0 D. eyes from 21.5 to 27.0 mm.

6) An artificial lens, at least in one eye. Experienced drivers are allowed with visual acuity with a correction of at least 0.6 in the best eye, not lower than 0.2 in the worst. Permissible correction for myopia and hyperopia 8.0 D, including contact lenses, astigmatism - 3.0 D (the sum of the sphere and cylinder should not exceed 8.0 D). The difference in the power of the lenses of the two eyes should not exceed 3.0 D, a normal field of vision and no complications within six months after surgery.

7) Chronic diseases of the membranes of the eye, accompanied by a significant impairment of the function of vision, persistent changes in the eyelids, including their mucous membranes, paresis of the muscles of the eyelids that impede vision or limit the movement of the eyeball (after surgical treatment with a positive result, admission is carried out individually).

8) Chronic, not amenable to conservative treatment, inflammation of the lacrimal sac, as well as persistent, untreated lacrimation.

9) Paralytic strabismus and other disorders of the friendly movement of the eyes.

10) Persistent diplopia due to strabismus of any etiology.

11) Spontaneous nystagmus when the pupils deviate 70 ° from the average position.

12) Restriction of the field of view by more than 20° in any of the meridians.

13) Violation of color perception.

14) Diseases of the retina and optic nerve (retinitis pigmentosa, optic nerve atrophy, retinal detachment, etc.).

15) Glaucoma.

16) Absence of one upper or lower limb, hand or foot, as well as deformity of the hand or foot, significantly hindering their movement. As an exception, persons with one amputated lower leg may be allowed if the amputation stump is at least 1/3 of the lower leg and the mobility in the knee joint of the amputated limb is fully preserved.

17) Absence of fingers or phalanges, as well as immobility in the interphalangeal joints:

the absence of two phalanges of the thumb on the right or left hand;

absence or immobility of two or more fingers on the right hand or complete reduction of at least one finger;

the absence or immobility of three or more fingers on the left hand or the complete reduction of at least one finger (while maintaining the grasping function and strength of the hand, the issue of access to control is decided individually).

18) Shortening of the lower limb by more than 6 cm - examined can be considered fit if the limb has no defects on the part of bones, soft tissues and joints, the range of motion is preserved, the length of the limb is more than 75 cm (from the calcaneus to the middle of the greater trochanter of the thigh) .

19) Absence of an upper limb or hand, absence of a lower limb at any level of the thigh or lower leg in case of impaired mobility in the knee joint.

20) Traumatic deformities and defects of the skull bones with severe neurological symptoms that prevent driving. In the presence of minor neurological symptoms, admission is carried out individually with a re-examination after one year.

21) Complete deafness in one ear (hearing acuity: colloquial speech in the other ear less than 3 m, whisper speech less than 1 m, or colloquial speech in each ear less than 2 m (with complete deafness, deaf-muteness, admission is carried out with re-examination at least 1 time per year), with the exception of the absence of hearing, severe and severe hearing impairment (deafness and III, IV degree of hearing loss))

22) Chronic unilateral or bilateral purulent inflammation of the middle ear, complicated by cholesteatoma, granulations or polyps (epithympanitis). The presence of a fistula symptom (after surgical treatment with a good result, the issue is resolved individually).

23) Chronic purulent mastoiditis, complications due to mastoidectomy (cyst, fistula).

24) Diseases of any etiology that cause dysfunction of the vestibular analyzer, dizziness syndromes, nystagmus (Ménière's disease, labyrinthitis, vestibular crises of any etiology, etc.).

25) Diseases of the endocrine system of a progressive course with persistent, pronounced dysfunctions of other organs and systems (permission to drive is decided individually, subject to annual re-examination after examination and treatment by an endocrinologist).

26) Ischemic heart disease: unstable angina, exertional angina, grade III FC, high-grade cardiac arrhythmias or a combination of these conditions (permission to drive is decided individually, subject to annual re-examination after examination and treatment by a cardiologist).

27) Hypertensive disease stage III, grade 3, risk IV (permission to drive is decided individually, subject to annual re-examination based on the results of treatment and the recommendations of a cardiologist).

28) Diseases of the bronchopulmonary system with symptoms of respiratory failure or pulmonary heart failure 2-3 tbsp. (Admission to driving is decided individually after examination and treatment by a pulmonologist).

29) Prolapse of the uterus and vagina, retrovaginal and vesico-vaginal fistulas, ruptures of the perineum with violation of the integrity of the rectal sphincters, dropsy of the testicle or spermatic cord, hernia and other diseases that cause restrictions and pain in movements that prevent driving.

AT modern world all large quantity people wear glasses. Why did such a situation arise, what are the deviations from the norm connected with, because nature has programmed the eyes for heavy loads? This situation is due to several reasons.

The main causes of visual impairment

Critical load on the organs of vision is the main reason. The structure of the eyes ensures their long-term functionality only when the muscles of the eye lens are relaxed. In this position, a person clearly sees objects at a distance of about 0.5–5 meters. It was this vision that was required for hunting and daily life. To clearly see objects closer or further than this zone, you need to change the thickness of the lens, and for this you must strain your muscles excessively. If you work in this mode for a long time, then the muscles become exhausted, atrophy and cannot change the thickness of the lens, the image becomes fuzzy, visual acuity decreases. We spend a lot of time at the computer or reading books, while the physiological distance is not maintained.

Table. Other causes of visual impairment.

Causes of loss of visual acuity	Short description
	The organs of vision are very complex in their structure, they require constant and good nutrition. Modern diets rarely contain a complete set of vitamins, macro- and microelements. All this has an extremely negative effect on the eyeball, lens, cornea, etc. They lose their elasticity and cannot properly respond to changes in the distance to the object in question.
	Like the entire human body, the eyes eventually lose their original capabilities. But this phenomenon is very individual. There are quite a few elderly people who have excellent vision until old age, and a network of young people with clear signs of impairment.
	Both eye diseases and complications after other diseases can lead to loss of vision.
	Previously, due to natural selection, only the strongest and healthiest people survived. Today, medicine saves very heavy babies with various deviations in physiological development. Eye pathologies are inherited, respectively, in parents with poor eyesight, children will have the same problem.

How visual acuity is determined 0.5

In Russia, the rules for determining visual acuity have not changed since the times of the USSR and are determined by fractions of a unit. Index 1.0 - normal vision, 1.2-0.1 - visual acuity is reduced. The check is done according to the Sivtsev or Golovin table, there is no difference in the technology itself, only the signs differ. One contains the letters of the alphabet, and the other contains circles with slots.

In total, there are 12 rows in the tables, each has its own dimensions. At the top are the largest letters or circles, a person with normal vision should be able to see them from a distance of 50 meters. The bottom row of a person with normal vision should be able to distinguish from a distance of 2.5 meters. On the right of the rows, visual acuity is indicated when it is checked from a distance of 5 meters. The first mandatory check is done to children upon admission to kindergarten and school. But parents should not expect a mandatory check, the sooner the doctor detects abnormalities, the better. In most cases, vision can be completely restored, if for some reason this is not possible, then the child is prescribed. Wearing glasses prevents further deterioration of vision.

Both eyes are checked in turn. If a patient from a distance of 5 meters sees all the signs or letters of the tenth line from the top, then his vision is 1.0, if he clearly distinguishes only up to the fifth line from the top, then visual acuity, respectively, is 0.5.

What causes a decrease in vision to 0.5

There may be several reasons, some are corrected, and some are not.

1. Anatomical causes. The cornea changes vitreous body eyeball or lens.
2. . The distance between the lens and the back wall with nerve visual endings does not correspond to the refractive index of the system.

Refractive errors are not treated, visual acuity can be improved by choosing the right glasses or contact lenses. Anatomical causes in some cases can be eliminated with medications, if the effect is negative, then they resort to surgical interventions up to the replacement of the lens.

Anomaly of refraction has several types:

• distant objects are poorly distinguished (myopia);
• close objects are poorly distinguished (hyperopia);
• objects are twisted (astigmatism);
• Difficulty perceiving objects at arm's length (presbyopia).

What is nearsightedness and farsightedness

Some patients confuse visual acuity with nearsightedness and farsightedness. If you have empirical visual acuity, then this indicator does not affect myopia and hyperopia, objects are clear in all cases and at any distance. The clarity of the image depends on the intensity of the image on the retina. The lens is working normally, the distance to the fundus is within the physiological norm. Why then does the visibility of objects change with distance?

Primary diagnosis is done using the above mentioned. If a person sees well the lines below the tenth, then he has farsightedness, if above the tenth, then he has myopia.

Causes of myopia

If a person sees objects well at close range, and at a large distance they are blurred, then he has symptoms of myopia (myopathy), the image is focused in front of the retina. There are several reasons for this phenomenon: in adolescence, the development of the eyeball was disrupted, it lengthened. Deviations in the shape of the cornea, traumatic significant displacement of the lens. In elderly people, myopia appears due to sclerotic changes in the lens.

Medicine distinguishes the following types of myopia.

1. Optical. Non-physiological dimensions of the eyeball or lens. They may be congenital or acquired.
2. Transistor. Occurs as a result of disease diabetes or after the use of strong drugs.

Downstream can be progressive and stable, high and weak.

Why does farsightedness occur?

In this case, the image is focused not in front of the bottom of the apple, but behind it. Nearby objects are fuzzy, and distant objects can be clearly seen. The problem arises due to changes in the size of the eyeball and deterioration of the accommodation of the lens. Farsightedness can be congenital and age-related. In the first case, the eyeball does not increase to the required size during growth, and the lens develops within physiological norms. In the second case, the muscles of the lens, weakened by old age, cannot change its curvature to a large extent.

Should I wear glasses with a vision of 0.5

Let us remind you once again that if during the initial examination according to the tables the vision is 0.5, this means myopia, you see only the fifth line from the top of the table with capital letters or icons. If the eleventh or twelfth with small letters or icons is well distinguished, then vision is 1.5 and 2.0, respectively, these are the easiest stages of farsightedness. That is, there can be no farsightedness of 0.5, such a definition can only be found in non-professional articles on the Internet. Always pay attention to this fact, if there are “recommendations” for vision +0.5 and -0.5, then you should not waste time getting acquainted with the content of such articles. They are written by amateurs, and following their advice is harmful to your health.

Let's answer the most common misconceptions about glasses with a vision of 0.5.

Video: Minus vision. What does it mean?

Features of the treatment of vision 0.5 in children

Features of treatment are associated with the development of children's vision. In the first six months, most of them have farsightedness, in a year and a half the situation changes, visual acuity is 0.6–0.8, but this is considered a normal process. Indicators are normalized at the age of 5-7 years. If this does not happen, then the pediatrician should prescribe special procedures for adjustment. Treatment tactics and glasses are selected only after a complete examination, Special attention given to children whose parents have vision problems.

If there is no improvement with age, then points are most often assigned. Only an ophthalmologist should select them, you should not save on the quality of glasses and lenses.

In most cases, until the age of twelve, doctors do not prescribe medication, until this time the eyes are still developing. Farsightedness of +2.0 up to two years is not eliminated, this is the norm for this age. Accurate refraction indices can only be known with complete relaxation of the muscles of the eye with drops. But if this figure is above the norm, then spectacle correction is required. Otherwise, there are high risks of developing amblyopia, which is formed due to a long-term optical defect. Another problem is strabismus may appear. Courses of hardware treatment are prescribed from the age of two, but only under the constant supervision of a doctor.. As visual acuity increases, lens diopters are adjusted. At this age, glasses should be worn constantly, they have a pronounced therapeutic effect.

As for childhood astigmatism, it is, unfortunately, a congenital defect. With it, the cornea changes the direction of light rays along one axis more than along the other. Glasses are not required if lenses no more than 1D are needed for correction and there are no signs of amblyopia. In all other cases, the sooner spectacle therapy is started, the better the final results will be. At the same time, vitamin support and various exercises for the eyes are carried out. Only a complete ophthalmological examination can give a picture of the disease, on the basis of which the doctor makes decisions.

Video: Children's myopia: myths and reality

Modern methods of vision correction for children

In our country, these methods are becoming more and more popular, but world medicine treats them very carefully. What do clinics offer for children?

1. infrared laser therapy. The device affects the ciliary muscle responsible for normal accommodation. Radiation improves tissue nutrition and relieves muscle spasms.
2. vacuum massage. The procedure has a positive effect on the hydrodynamic processes in eyeball improves the blood supply to the body.
3. laser therapy. It has a positive effect on spatial vision, increases muscle tone, stimulates the functioning of the nerve endings of the retina.
4. electrical stimulation. Currents of low intensity increase the impulse conduction of the optic nerves.

For each child, an individual treatment program should be drawn up and only after a complete examination. But the most important thing for children is not to treat visual impairments, and not to allow them to appear. Follow the correct sitting at the desk, provide the required lighting, accustom them to physical education and outdoor games, do not let them spend a lot of time at the computer monitor. And then the chances of having a vision of 1.0, and not 0.5, will increase in children.